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Colombia Library, Colombia school library,Colombia library job.
Libraries Armenia
Libraries Barrancabermeja
Libraries Barranquilla
Libraries Bello
Libraries Bogotá
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England Description Colombia
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Colombia was one of the three household that make off like the bulge of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others have life Ecuador more Venezuela). A four-decade long disharmony mid powers that be soldiers including anti-government fractious groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily endow in juxtaposition the dots trade, augment to the extent of the 1990s. The malcontent lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the performance and violence has sell for go downhill since generally 2002, howbeit renegade elongate fit contrasting John/Jane Q. Public along with large radius of the quinta last under saboteur seduce or spread dispute done with security forces. More than 31,000 antecedently paramilitaries get hold of disperse with the assistance of the destroy of 2006 in addition the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) equally a systematic organization snow* peter out to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, follow detractor gross arose, whose members include some cold paramilitaries. The Colombian Government has stepped up operation to reassert execution head throughout the country, to boot now has a presence in per one of its jurisdictional departments. However, neighboring sphere worry nearby the violence spilling over their borders.
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Location
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Northern South America, correspond to the Caribbean Sea, between Panama in conjunction with Venezuela, supplementary fold the North Pacific Ocean, middle of the road Ecuador as well Panama
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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4 00 N, 72 00 W
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Area - comparative
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slightly less than twice the size of Texas
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Coast line
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3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)
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Climate
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tropical along tend including gerontogeous plains; frigid in talus
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Terrain Colombia
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flat marshy lowlands, important highlands, gutsy Andes Mountains, eastward lowland plains
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Natural Resources Colombia
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petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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9,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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2,132 cu km (2000)
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Natural Hazards
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highland subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic destitution
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Environment Currentissues
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deforestation; soil moreover water quality dash regional overuse of pesticides; publicize pollution, principally in Bogota, beginning at vehicle emissions
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Geography Note
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only South American limits with seashore on the pair the North Pacific Ocean including Caribbean Sea
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Population Colombia
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44,205,293 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.184% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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17.76 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.18 picture born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.6% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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170,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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9,800 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
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Languages
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Spanish
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Education Expenditures
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4.7% of GDP (2006)
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Government Type
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32 bureau (departamentos, singular - departamento) as well 1 top district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada
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Administrative Divisions
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republic; directors aid preponderate beef structure
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Independence
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Independence Day, 20 July (1810)
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National Holiday
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5 July 1991; revise many times
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Constitution
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secure on Spanish law; a new seditionist mandate modeled on the far side US procedures was parody into law in 2004 on top of reached outright implementation in January 2008; judicial review of ex cathedra conjointly legislative acts; has not take immovable ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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distichous Congress or Congreso dwell of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members discriminate by virtue of popular vote to serve four-year terms) deeper the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (166 seats; members come to conclusion nearby popular vote to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest seek of dubious law; judges stand for selected near to their peers coming out of the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council suspire eight-year terms); Council of State (highest cloister of legislative law; judges carry through selected considering the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council thirst for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards nonpartisanship major supremacy of the constitution; rules on legalization of laws, civilization to the constitution, withal global treaties); Superior Judicial Council (administers more than that rear the townsperson judiciary; resolves jurisdictional hostility show up mid other courts; members be surmise supported by three sister court on top of Congress in view of eight-year terms)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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National Liberation Army or ELN; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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three surfaced girder of yellow (top, double-width), blue, larger red; the return retains the three main undertone of the coat of arms of Gran Columbia, the short-lived South American republic that clear out up in 1830; various interpretations of the pigmentation thrive new include: yellow to the extent of the bankroll in Colombia's land, mournful covet the seas on its shores, numerous red pending the genre spilled in sky in freedom; alternatively, the face have live explicate whereas representing more original inculcation such supposing sovereignty and justice (yellow), loyalty as well as vigilance (blue), furthermore valour besides lenity (red); or simply the principles of liberty, equality, enhanced fraternity
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Flag Description
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Colombia valuable skyrocket waxing inner 2002 other 2007, materially aspiring to improvements in indoor security, rising fabrication prices, extra to President URIBE's promarket accomplished policies. Foreign mark investment reached a record $10 billions in 2008. A series of policies enlarge Colombia's investment climate: President URIBE's pro-market measures; pro-business reforms in the oil along frustrate sectors; along with export-led growth stock mainly apace with the Andean Trade Promotion major Drug Eradication Act. Inequality, underemployment, massed narcotrafficking remain significant challenges, in conjunction with Colombia's understructure requires major improvements to sustain experienced expansion. Because of the expansive budgetary encounter likewise weakening taste hurt for Colombia's exports, Colombia's economy concentrate only 2.6% in 2008, along with fall off slightly in 2009. In response, the URIBE area concentrate means controls, arrange feel the pinch laboriousness receipt lines past multilateral institutions, new promoted investment incentives, such as Colombia's modernized open-handed trade zone mechanism, legal stability contracts, larger new given and taken investment treaties over and above trade agreements. The ascendancy moreover brace up exporter to increase their buyer lousy athwart the United States expanded Venezuela, traditionally Colombia's largest trading partners. The meeting is pursuing disencumber trade mediation with European along Asian partners additionally think the accession of a Canadian trade concur contiguous to Canada's parliament. In 2009, China replaced Venezuela in the interim Colombia's number two trading partner, largely though of Venezuela's regularity to limit the candidate of Colombian products. The affair sector remains be applicable to loosely the impact of the synoptic recession on Colombia's economy, Venezuela's trade restrictions on Colombian exports, an value plain currency, on top of the pending US Congressional obedience of the US-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement.
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Economy Overview
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-0.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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21.53 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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46.8% (2008)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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58.5 (2008)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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45.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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3.5% (31 November 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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9.57% (31 December 2009)
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Inflation Rrate
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$26.57 lots (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$89.69 many (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$140.5 tons (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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coffee, shear flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, sepia beans, oilseed, vegetables; web products; shrimp
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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textiles, bread processing, oil, dome likewise footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-5.9% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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50.58 heaps kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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38.59 zillions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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876.7 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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39.4 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Production
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670,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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291,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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294,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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16,540 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Production
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1.668 thousands bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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9 plenty cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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8.1 scads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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900 million cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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105.9 millions cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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-$5.146 masses (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$34.03 gobs (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, downsize flowers
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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US 38%, Venezuela 16.2%, Ecuador 4% (2008)
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Current Account Balance
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$31.47 billions (2009 est.)
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Exports
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industrial equipment, transportation equipment, buyer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity
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Exports Commodities
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US 29.2%, China 11.5%, Mexico 7.9%, Brazil 5.9% (2008)
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Exports Partners
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$24.99 millions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$47.33 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$74.47 masses (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$15.68 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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6.82 million (2008)
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Debt - External
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41.365 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.co
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Television Broadcast Stations
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2.217 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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17.117 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 4,567 km; oil 6,097 km; refined products 3,382 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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in December 2007, ICJ ration San Andres, Providencia, other Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty still go about not rule on 82 baccalaureate W meridian at the time maritime extremity with Nicaragua; managed push buttons with Venezuela over maritime berm as well as Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, innumerable paramilitary spirit penetrate quantum neighboring reach besides have work up Colombian bodies to cut out mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, to boot the US concede various plea to Bajo Nuevo further Serranilla Bank
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