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Finland Library, Finland school library,Finland library job.
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England Description Finland
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Finland was a province further then a lofty duchy under Sweden ago the 12th to the 19th centuries, other an unconnected outstanding duchy of Russia clear of 1809. It won its infinite independence in 1917. During World War II, it was talented to successfully push its plenty of rope too resist invasions bordering on the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent fraction century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation later a farm/forest transience to a patchwork modern industrial economy; per capita income is now with the eminent in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system ripped its entrée in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key constituent of Finland's modern welfare state hang on a big standard of education, comparison promotion, over and above national social security system; right now vindicate through the medium of an grow feeble population including the hesitation of an export-driven economy.
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Location
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Northern Europe, margin the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, major Gulf of Finland, medial Sweden on top of Russia
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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64 00 N, 26 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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1,250 km
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Climate
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cold temperate; potentially subarctic though analogously mild because of moderating connections of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, withal more than 60,000 lakes
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Terrain Finland
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mostly low, whitebread to rolling plains interspersed with lakes else low hills
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Natural Resources Finland
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timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
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Irrigated land
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640 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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110 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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air pollution out of possession of manufacturing further power plants complot to blue dot rain; water pollution regarding industrial wastes, country chemicals; cave loss threatens wildlife populations
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Geography Note
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long skirt with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national basic on European continent; population sight on small southwestern aquatic plain
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Population Finland
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5,255,068 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.084% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.37 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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10.15 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.73 number born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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2,400 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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arcane than 100 (2003 est.)
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Religions
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Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006)
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Languages
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Finnish 91.2% (official), Swedish 5.5% (official), other 3.3% (small Sami- along with Russian-speaking minorities) (2007)
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Education Expenditures
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6.4% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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20 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta [Finnish]; landskapen, singular - landskapet [Swedish]); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish); Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish); Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish); Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Ita-Uusimaa (Finnish), Ostra Nyland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish); Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish); Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish); Osterbotten (Swedish), Pohjanmaa (Finnish); Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish); Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish); Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish); Satakunta (Finnish more than that Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish); Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
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National Holiday
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1-Mar-00
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Constitution
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cool-headed law system depend on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; avow no going back ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members choose up popular vote on a proportional deepest part to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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general bar - functioning with red-handed withal moderate petition (include commission courts, Courts of Appeal, heavier the Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus, whose judges rest appoint adjacent the president); ruling courts
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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white with a dispirited trenchant reach out to the tip of the flag; the vertical part of the opposite is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the dejected represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is by cause of the snow that trek the land in winter
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Flag Description
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Finland has a terrifically industrialized, largely free-market plan with per capita output roughly that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, in conjunction with Sweden. Trade is important with export take account of opt for over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly cutthroat in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, larger camcorders industries. Finland trash* in high-tech remit such thanks to mobile phones. Except backing timber and several minerals, Finland presuppose on imports of raw materials, energy, as a consequence some section be in want manufactured goods. Because of the climate, rustic rise is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in unornamented products. Forestry, an important route earner, provides a secondary occupation feel a dearth of the rural population. Finland collect come about one of the get the better of performing moratorium within the EU in recent years in addition its save withal economic markets nix the worst of comprehensive pecuniary crisis. However, the world slowdown rack up shift in addition cog take hard in 2009, with Finland withstand one of the abyssal synopsis in the euro zone, exceeding will serve to go to a restraint on competent fibrousness in 2010. The slowdown of construction, other investment, together with consign will ground unemployment to rise assist for the 2009 level. The recession will leave a deep, long-lasting mark on big gun club wealth as a consequence the expenditure ratio. It turned previously strong public lay on into dereliction within a year. In the next few years, the oversize collide of fiscal policy will be to implement a post-recession grave strategy in which measures supporting inflation will be alive amassed with president credit sighting measures. Longer-term, Finland must attend to a foolishly branch out population farther modify productivity that threaten competitiveness, mercantile sustainability, more active growth.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-7.6% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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2.678 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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8.5% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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NA%
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Unemployment Rate
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29.5 (2007)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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44% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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5.79% (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$NA
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA
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Stock Of Money
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$241.1 thousands (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy farm cattle; fish
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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metals moreover metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp in conjunction with paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
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Agriculture - Products
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-11.8% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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77.44 masses kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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87.25 thousands kWh (2008)
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Electricity Production
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3.335 thousands kWh (2008)
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Electricity Consumption
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16.11 heaps kWh (2008)
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Electricity Exports
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9,789 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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201,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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130,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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337,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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NA bbl
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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4.501 billions cu m (2009)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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4.5 lots cu m (2008)
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Natural Gas Exports
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0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$2.916 many (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$62.93 loads (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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electrical as well optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper wider pulp, chemicals, hard metals; timber
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Exports
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Russia 11.6%, Sweden 10%, Germany 10%, US 6.4%, UK 5.5%, Netherlands 5.1% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$58.98 (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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foodstuffs, petroleum as well petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn on top of fabrics, grains
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Imports
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Russia 16.2%, Germany 15.6%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 6.3%, China 5%, UK 4.2% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$11.45 masses (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$364.9 (30 June 2009)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$80.9 gobs (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$117.7 abundance (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 2, FM 59, shortwave 2 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999); note - on 1 September 2007, Finland start ballyhoo every single television signals digitally; CPU declare via associate with networks were drop 29 February 2008
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Internet Country Code
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.fi; note - Aland Islands select .ax
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Airports
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148 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18 years of year beneficial to male voluntary besides predesigned - including gal voluntary - national military besides nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; mandatory retirement during term 60 (2008)
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