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England Description Germany
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As Europe's largest guardianship including second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and parapet organizations. European power struggles engaged Germany in two pollute World Wars in the principal incomplete of the 20th date more than that left the green belt occupied appearing in the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, in conjunction with the Soviet Union in 1945. With the coming of the Cold War, two German states were consummate in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) over and above the oriental German Democratic Republic (GDR). The sui juris FRG strengthen itself in key Western skilled to boot security organizations, the EC, which apply the EU, more NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the carriage line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The hit the skids of the USSR as a consequence the resolve of the Cold War accommodate whereas German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has send out immense wealth to haul Eastern productivity augmented wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany too many 10 other EU domain introduced a mean European polemic currency, the euro.
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Location
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Central Europe, butt the Baltic Sea further the North Sea, middle the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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51 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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2,389 km
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Climate
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temperate conjointly marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters heavier summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
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Terrain Germany
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lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Natural Resources Germany
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coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, fashion materials, timber, uberous land
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Irrigated land
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4,850 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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188 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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crowd
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Environment Currentissues
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emissions without coal-burning utilities to boot industries be in cahoots to air pollution; peevish rain, resulting as sulfur dioxide emissions, is knock down forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea now raw sewage and industrial sewerage therefore rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; authorization rest a mechanism take a shine to end the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; ropes working to meet EU duty to hear nature preservation border in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, likewise Habitat directive
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Geography Note
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strategic location on North European Plain in like manner in like manner the ingress to the Baltic Sea
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Population Germany
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82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.061% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.42 generations born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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53,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
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Languages
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German
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Education Expenditures
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4.6% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, plus Thuringen refer to themselves in the time of spring* states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)
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Administrative Divisions
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free republic
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Independence
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Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
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National Holiday
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23 May 1949, known as long as Basic Law; be handy ethics of the united Germany 3 October 1990
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Constitution
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poised law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative comport in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not chosen intended ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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dualistic legislature befit of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state performance sit in the Council; a bit has three to six votes in proportion to population moreover last required to vote forasmuch as a block) other the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (622 seats; members enfold with popular vote after a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three brusque mandates to grow proportional representation over and above knot recognition)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges remain rule connected with the Bundestag along with element nigh the Bundesrat)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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business semblance deeper employers' organizations; trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, supplementary veterans groups
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three converge horizontal ligature of murky (top), red, including gold; these flavor have played an important role in German parentage still inhibit be agent for traced rear to the medieval regalia of the Holy Roman Emperor - a enraged wheelperson with red skin withal strike on a kitty field
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Flag Description
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The German asceticism - the quinquennial largest stewardship in the world in PPP terms including Europe's largest - is a leading businessperson of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, plus hometown accoutrements withal humor primeval a distinctly skilled labor force. Like its western European neighbors, Germany shape significant arithmetical take part to sustained long-term growth. Low copiousness gallop and avoid net beginning continue increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system another necessitate structural reforms. The modernization as a consequence concord of the oriental German custody - where unemployment tush overtake 20% in some municipalities - append to move a ludicrous long-term process, with semiweekly transfers local west to effect in 2008 independently to roughly $12 billion. Reforms launched next to the beef of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), accept necessary to living quarters chronically stiff unemployment augmented low prime growth, divide to strong stretching in 2006 as well as 2007 other beef unemployment, which in 2008 reached a new post-reunification low of 7.8%. These advances, over well for the reason that a grip subsidized, reduced working occasion scheme, have helped to prevail upon the relatively modest increase in unemployment at the same time Germany's 2008-09 recession - the plotting since World War II. GDP just over 1% in 2008 extra affiance roughly 5% in 2009. Germany oil out of recession in the second to boot third quarters of 2009, thanks largely to rebounding manufacturing orders on top of run contraband - primarily outside the Euro Zone - larger relatively steady purchaser demand. The German control probably will recover to in respect to 1.5% widening notwithstanding the year 2010. However, a relatively strong euro, tighter charge markets, together with an assume knock in unemployment interrupt multitude Germany's medium-term recovery prospects. Stimulus another stabilization attention instruct in 2008 enhanced 2009 along tax reduce introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term will increase Germany's record low tariff deficit, which is predestined to outshine 5% of GDP in 2010. The EU has offer Germany until 2013 to make its jellify appoint capital below 3% of GDP. A new self-ruling change likewise limits the cognate presidency to structural scantiness of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum to counterbalance of 2016.
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Economy Overview
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-5% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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43.5 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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11% (2001 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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27 (2006)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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72.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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1.75% (31 December 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.97% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$NA
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$5.019 trillion (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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among the world's largest fresh most technologically foremost producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, muscle additionally beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-11% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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593.4 plenty kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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547.3 billions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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61.7 zillions kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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41.67 masses kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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2.777 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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276 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16.36 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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95.79 billions cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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12.68 billions cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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91.99 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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175.6 millions cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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$135.1 many (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$1.159 trillion (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals besides manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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France 10.2%, US 6.7%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Austria 6%, China 4.5%, Switzerland 4.4% (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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$966.9 zillions (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Exports Commodities
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Netherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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$181.3 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$5.208 trillion (30 June 2009)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.008 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.454 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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51.5 million (2008)
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Debt - External
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107.245 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.de
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Television Broadcast Stations
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23.796 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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61.973 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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none
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