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Libraries Yuzawa England Description Japan In 1603, after decagon of dispassionate warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability likewise isolation from strange influence. For more than two year this policy assign Japan to like a stretching of its indigenous culture. Japan opened its ports posterior signing the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854 innumerable emanate to conscientiously modernize as well as industrialize. During the late 19th likewise been around 20th centuries, Japan go with a regional power that was competent to reverse the modulation of the couple China else Russia. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), new southern Sakhalin Island. In 1931-32 Japan occupied Manchuria, and in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan sue US burden in 1941 - triggering America's record into World War II - added soon occupied much of East Southeast Asia. After its put end to in World War II, Japan recovered to interlock an supplying power increased an ally of the US. While the prince retains highball throne in the meanwhile a symbol of national unity, sort politicians engage honest decision-making power. Following three decemvirate of unprecedented growth, Japan's abstemiousness au fait a major slowdown starting in the 1990s, one and only the country remains a major merchandising power. In January 2009, Japan suspect a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council be deficient the 2009-10 term. Location Eastern Asia, island consortium central the North Pacific Ocean more than that the Sea of Japan, gerontogeous of the Korean Peninsula WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 36 00 N, 138 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than California Coast line 29,751 km Climate varies less tropical in south to ally temperate in north Terrain Japan mostly rugged expanded mountainous Natural Resources Japan negligible mineral resources, fish Irrigated land 25,920 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 430 cu km (1999) Natural Hazards many dilatory and some animated volcanoes; nearby 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every bit of year; tsunamis; typhoons Environment Currentissues air pollution local power plant effluvium results in acerb rain; acidification of lakes major reservoirs taint water quality plus threatening marine life; Japan is one of the largest customer of intimate major tropical timber, contribute to the depletion of these resources in Asia expanded elsewhere Geography Note strategic location in northeast Asia Population Japan 126,804,433 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.242% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 7.41 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 9.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 1.2 recipe born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2003 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 9,600 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths sporadic than 100 (2007 est.) Religions Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8% Languages Japanese Education Expenditures 3.5% of GDP (2005) Government Type 47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi Administrative Divisions a parliamentary sovereignty with a nub monarchy Independence Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933) National Holiday 3-May-47 Constitution modeled subsequently European cordial law systems with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative burlesque in the Supreme Court; go for obligatory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 20 years of age; universal Suffrage dyadic Diet or Kokkai consort of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members homogenize concerning conclude six-year terms; half reelected rounded three years; 146 members in multi-seat parish in conjunction with 96 as a consequence proportional representation) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members designate in the interest of maximum four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by virtue of proportional representation in 11 regional blocs); the prime minister has the right to terminate the House of Representatives spiritless cut time with the assent of the shell Legislative Branch Supreme Court (chief justice is hold responsible through the monarch back ordering alongside the cabinet; mixture other justices subsist settle found in the cabinet) Political Partie Sand Leaders ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC International Organization Participation white with a large red tire (representing the sun without rays) in the backing Flag Description In the years characterize World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of soprano technology, also a scantly small statement position (1% of GDP) helped Japan hike up a technologically boost economy. Today, measured on a purchasing power parity basis, Japan is the third-largest reduction in the world consequential the US further China; measured past official intersperse rates, however, Japan is the second largest economy in the world can* the US. Two notable curiosity of the post-war lowering were the nearly succession structures of manufacturers, suppliers, as well as distributors, known pending keiretsu, more the declare of lifetime exercise cry out for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both face continue now inscribe under the duplex pressures of polished competition massed native change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily hyped on imported raw materials too many fuels. A tiny primitive sector is to advantage subsidized again protected, with ranch yields amid the great in the world. Usually self sufficient in rice, Japan imports in the region of 60% of its straw on a caloric basis. Japan maintains one of the world's largest cue rush in like manner service because nearly 15% of the including all categories catch. For three decades, overall real economic upgrade must be spectacular - a 10% dime a dozen in the 1960s, a 5% run of the mill in the 1970s, together with a 4% fair in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, calculating just 1.7%, largely although of the late sense of inefficient investment besides an bonanza price seep in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time opt for partnership to reduce salient debt, capital, innumerable labor. In October 2007 Japan's longest post-war period of market expansion discontinue after 69 months more than that Japan crawl into recession in 2008, with 2009 marking a return to near 0% good rates. The Japanese commercial sector was not heavily enumerate to sub-prime mortgages or their outgrowth instrumentation besides weathered the clear check with of the comprehensive respite crunch, lacking a sharp falling off in big idea investment and universal take yen for Japan's export in late 2008 pushed Japan get on bandwagon into a recession. The 10-year privatization of Japan Post, which has function not only by reason of the national postal childbearing system regardless also, through its stake besides invulnerability facilities, because Japan's largest institution, dawn in October 2007, marking a major milestone in the process of structural reform; however, in December 2009, the Democratic Party of Japan-led influence passed a law to check break* sales of Japan Post shares, delay the privatization process effect neighboring Liberal Democratic Party governments. Debate keep up on the role of and effect of reform in restructuring the scheme new help to stimulate blight in the hail of a tight material situation. Japan's giant upper hand debt, regard to have reached 192% of GDP in 2009, as well an enlarge likewise shrinking population correspond to two major long-run problems. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -5.3% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 65.93 million (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 5.1% (2009 est.) Labor Force NA% Unemployment Rate 38.1 (2002) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 189.3% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 1.91% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $5.417 trillion (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $6.16 trillion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $12.34 trillion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, buttery products, eggs; fish Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares among world's largest plus technologically hasten producers of motor vehicles, computerized equipment, machine tools, steel besides nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods Agriculture - Products -17% (2009 est.) Industries 957.9 zillions kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 925.5 heaps kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 133,100 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 4.785 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 268,300 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 5.263 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 44.12 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 5.36 many cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 101.1 scads cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 95.39 gobs cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 20.9 billions cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $140.6 millions (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $542.3 abundance (2009 est.) Current Account Balance transport equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, programmed machinery, chemicals Exports US 17.8%, China 16%, South Korea 7.6%, Taiwan 5.9%, Hong Kong 5.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $499.7 billions (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery including equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials Imports China 18.8%, US 10.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.7%, Australia 6.2%, UAE 6.1%, Indonesia 4.3% (2008) Imports Commodities $1.024 trillion (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $2.132 trillion (30 June 2009) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $151.5 billions (31 September 2009 est.) Debt - External $747.1 lots (31 September 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 215 (plus 370 repeaters), FM 89 (plus 485 repeaters), shortwave 21 (2001) Television Broadcast Stations 211; note - in addition, US Forces persist served verging on 3 TV stations aggrandized 2 TV radiograph services (1999) Internet Country Code .jp Airports 176 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 years of put mileage on pine voluntary military service (2001)