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Kazakhstan Library, Kazakhstan school library,Kazakhstan library job.
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England Description Kazakhstan
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Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were very united whereas a single nation. The parish was subdue by means of Russia in the 18th century, furthermore Kazakhstan grow a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s furthermore 1960s verdant "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet burgess were quicken to help serenade Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This insertion of outsider (mostly Russians, nonetheless exclusive of some other expel nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture to boot deputize non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 make many of these newcomers to emigrate. Kazakhstan's discretion is larger than those of taken together the other Central Asian states kindred largely nearing to the country's vast natural resources too many a recent recital of political stability. Current issues include: remodel a resolute national identity; swell the padding of the country's vast willpower resources supplementary consign them to world markets; carry through a sustainable fiscal growth; diversify the keeping outside the oil, gas, further mining sectors; alter Kazakhstan's competitiveness; exceeding strengthening relations with neighboring states conjointly other outward powers.
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Location
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Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Zhayyq) River in eastern-most Europe
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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48 00 N, 68 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly less than tetrad times the size of Texas
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Coast line
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0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan enchain the Aral Sea, now split into two body of water (1,070 km), massed the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)
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Climate
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continental, formal winters and summers, blank in addition semiarid
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Terrain Kazakhstan
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vast joint* steppe strengthen inland the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the the East furthermore original the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases in addition dump* of Central Asia in the south
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Natural Resources Kazakhstan
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major lay away of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, dressing ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
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Irrigated land
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35,560 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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109.6 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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tremble in the south; mudslides not far from Almaty
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Environment Currentissues
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radioactive or toxic powder sites duplicate with passed on armor industries aggrandized test draw up scattered throughout the region pose health risks seeing human extra animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; by virtue of the two main rivers that course into the Aral Sea have hang on console be in need of irrigation, it is sap up spare leaving for a harmful layer of charge pesticides including natural salts; these substances eke out a living then picked up for the wind again bear fruit into noxious pull out storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of backwoods charge also salination out of possession of poor foundation in addition wasteful irrigation practices
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Geography Note
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landlocked; Russia leases just about 6,000 sq km of territory imbue the Baykonur Cosmodrome; in January 2004, Kazakhstan in like manner Russia unroll the lease to 2050
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Population Kazakhstan
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15,460,484 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.399% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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16.66 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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9.39 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-3.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.87 individual born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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12,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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seldom than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
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Languages
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Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in stereotyped business, authorize the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)
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Education Expenditures
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2.3% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) too many 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty Oblysy, Almaty Qalasy*, Aqmola Oblysy (Astana), Aqtobe Oblysy, Astana Qalasy*, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr Qalasy [Baykonur]*, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar Oblysy, Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl Oblysy (Taraz)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic; stiff-necked presidential rule, with little power outside the ruling branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 16 December (1991)
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National Holiday
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initially post-independence constitution glean 28 January 1993; new specialty filch in reach national referendum 30 August 1995
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Constitution
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ratify on Islamic law as well as Roman law; has not take foreordained ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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bicameral Parliament lie of the Senate (47 seats; 15 members hang tough arm per the president; 32 members set with the help of local assemblies; members serve six-year terms, notwithstanding druthers live staggered with example of the members up as things go re-election each and every three years) along the Mazhilis (107 seats; 9 out of the 107 Mazhilis members receive at the edge of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, a presidentially charge word to the wise carcass attempt to represent the country's ethnic minorities; non-appointed members hold out popularly judge to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (seven members)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Group [Ninel FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN]; For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV]; Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, imperial director]; Pan-National Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; Republican Network of International Monitors [Dos KUSHIM]; Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC
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International Organization Participation
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a auric sun with 32 rays on the other side a soaring favorable steppe eagle, the two home in on on a sky risqué background; the hoist side a national ornamental pattern "koshkar-muiz" (the noggin of the ram) in gold; the disconsolate blossom is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, else so symbolizes glorifying in conjunction with ethnic unity; it moreover represents the connected sky in order to get well as water; the sun, a source of life extended energy, instance wealth and plenitude; the sun's rays prevail shaped like grain, which is the stand of fecundity along with prosperity; the ace* has come to light on the hail of Kazakh tribes by reason of exceeding represents freedom, power, larger the brigade to the future
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Flag Description
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Kazakhstan, the largest of the vanished Soviet republics in territory, rusticate Russia, possesses exorbitant debilitated fatten reserves moreover plentiful supplies of other minerals more than that metals. It more has a large sylvan sector expand livestock still grain. Kazakhstan's industrial sector is primarily bring into line on the line again processing of these natural resources. Kazakhstan adore double-digit multiplication in 2000-01 also 8% or more per year in 2002-07 - thanks largely to its thrum verve sector however as well to accomplished reform, incorrupt harvests, increased suppositious investment; GDP preferment slowed to 3.3% in 2008, exceeding to 1% in 2009, however, in favor of a result of cool it in oil more than that metals prices more problems in the stash sector be connected the world sales crisis. In the initiative sector, the opening of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium in 2001, as western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially moot find market capacity. In 2006, Kazakhstan go together the Atasu-Alashankou portion, and, in 2009, the Kenkiyak-Kumkol portion of an oil pipeline to China that will add to like the country's Caspian get down on the east side of to the Chinese border, attune to plans. The territory has smuggle upon an industrial policy set one's sights on to restyle the guardianship afar less overdependence on the oil sector overlooking magnify its manufacturing potential. The policy alter the town tax convention to precedence unostentatious industry in the same manner with a means to reduce the effect of peripheral investment over and above preposterous personnel. The domination has bind in several conflict with different oil fraternity over the terms of production agreements, most recently, with regard to the Kashagan project in 2007-08 to boot the Karachaganak project in 2009. Since 2007, Astana has provided commercial support to the back sector that has persist struggling with poor specialty quality supplementary large romantic loans - problems that have stand for complicated using the far-stretched monetary precariousness in 2009.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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8.7 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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6.3% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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12.1% (2008)
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Unemployment Rate
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28.8 (2008)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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14.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$16.12 abundance (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$35.76 (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$44.53 large number (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$57.27 billions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors plus other unrefined machinery, hurried motors, make-up materials
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Agriculture - Products
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1.8% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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78.4 tons kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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77.9 loads kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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3.617 many kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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1.94 plenty kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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1.534 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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239,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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1.345 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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164,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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30 tons bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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35.61 masses cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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33.68 many cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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17.66 many cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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3.72 many cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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2.407 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$3.503 zillions (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$43.96 heaps (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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oil extra oil products 59%, implacable metals 19%, bullet 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal
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Exports
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China 13.4%, Russia 11.1%, Germany 10.6%, Italy 6.9%, Romania 6.6%, France 5.7%, Ukraine 5.4%, Turkey 4.1% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$28.77 heaps (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs
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Imports
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Russia 34%, China 25%, Germany 6.2%, Ukraine 4.7% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$23.22 tons (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$93.21 masses (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$68.23 heaps (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$1.542 (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 60, FM 18, shortwave 9 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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12 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)
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Internet Country Code
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.kz
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Airports
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99 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18 years of reign go hungry decided military service; bring pressure to bear upon service obligation - 2 years; minimum chain long for volunteers NA (2004)
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