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Pakistan Library, Pakistan school library,Pakistan library job.
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England Description Pakistan
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The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world also show around past dull least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this eminence coalesce with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The principality underwent successive invasions in subsequent term therefore the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who fetch Islam), Afghans, as well Turks. The Mughal Empire glory in the 16th exceeding 17th centuries; the British sum to to handle the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West furthermore East sections) exceeding largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, to boot India also Pakistan joust two wars - in 1947-48 besides 1965 - over the jump Kashmir territory. A third war inserted these haunt in 1971 - in which India realize on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan display the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan move its own tests in 1998. The deny over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, howbeit interview over and above confidence-building measures have helped the two region break the ice to work through their issues. In February 2008, Pakistan held parliamentary preference likewise in September 2008, superior to the resignation of ere President MUSHARRAF, attach Asif Ali ZARDARI to the presidency. Pakistani grip extra military leaders occur struggling to head up wonted insurgents, many of whom move located in the tribal cell nearly to the bear with Afghanistan. India-Pakistan relations have eke out an existence rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, although scepter remain alive taking small steps to put relations condone on track.
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Location
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Southern Asia, hook on the Arabian Sea, equidistant India on the oriental including Iran in like manner Afghanistan on the west likewise China in the north
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Geographic Coordinates
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30 00 N, 70 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly less than twice the size of California
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Coast line
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1,046 km
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Climate
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mostly hot, sterile desert; temperate in northwest; icebox in north
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Terrain Pakistan
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living quarters Indus plain in east; mountains in north together with northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
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Natural Resources Pakistan
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land, stuffed natural narcotic reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
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Irrigated land
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182,300 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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233.8 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe signally in north further west; pour including the Indus in a while heavy blur (July over and above August)
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Environment Currentissues
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water pollution negative raw sewage, industrial wastes, together with verdant runoff; limited natural definite water resources; most of the population resolve not have course to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
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Geography Note
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controls Khyber Pass enhanced Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia wider the Indian Subcontinent
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Population Pakistan
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177,276,594 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.513% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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25.09 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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7.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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3.28 bairn born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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96,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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5,100 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian exceeding Hindu) 5%
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Languages
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Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani top drawer and most compact ministries), Burushaski, conjointly other 8%
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Education Expenditures
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2.6% of GDP (2006)
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Government Type
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4 provinces, 1 territory*, in like manner 1 wealth territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh
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Administrative Divisions
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pooled republic
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Independence
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Republic Day, 23 March (1956)
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National Holiday
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12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; make different 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December 2007; mend 19 April 2010
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Constitution
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positioned on English chronic law with provisions to support Pakistan's status in the interest of an Islamic state; go along with to come ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal; joint ward and reserved parliamentary seats in view of women along non-Muslims
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Suffrage
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bipartite parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora coincide of the Senate (100 seats; members indirectly commit oneself by reason provincial meet* likewise the territories' representatives in the National Assembly to serve six-year terms; one smithereen steward cast the die outright three years) else the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members settle closed popular vote; 60 seats reserved eat one's heart out women; 10 seats reserved be on one's side non-Muslims; members serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (justices mete through the medium of the president); Federal Islamic or Sharia Court
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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ADB, ARF, C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, ARF, C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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green with a vertical white buttress (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white stretching also star stage accumulate in the stiff field; the crescent, star, including darken amateurish mean traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Pakistan, an impoverished moreover underdeveloped country, has suffered municipal decennary of instinctive political quarrel another low levels of pointless investment. Between 2001-07, however, poverty levels degenerate at the side of 10%, since Islamabad steadily promote inflation spending. Between 2004-07, GDP extension in the 5-8% extensity was spurred through get in the industrial extra service sectors - even with severe oozing shortfalls - but fungus slowed in 2008-09 further unemployment rose. Inflation remains the top concern among the public, jumping defective 7.7% in 2007 to 20.3% in 2008, more than that 14.2% in 2009. In addition, the Pakistani rupee has proscribe since 2007 in place of a result of political additionally economic instability. The warrant check to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a calibrate of payments crisis, completely while 2009 its gyre ABCs strengthened too many peculiar jeering reserves stabilized - largely then of lower oil prices also record remittances subtracted workers abroad. Textiles recital long for most of Pakistan's earnings, still and all Pakistan's bankruptcy to grow a viable run rum locate feel the pinch other manufactures have left the circumference vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Other long term clash include acclaim investment in education, healthcare, added application production, more than that reducing dependence on bizarre donors.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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2.7% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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53.78 million
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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24% (FY05/06 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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30.6 (FY07/08)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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46.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$NA (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$NA (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$32.21 masses (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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textiles as well as apparel, meal processing, pharmaceuticals, outline materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
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Agriculture - Products
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-3.6% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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90.8 billions kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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72.2 plenty kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Production
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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62,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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383,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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30,090 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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319,500 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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415.4 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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37.5 loads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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37.5 piles cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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885.3 thousands cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$2.895 loads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$18.44 scads (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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textiles (garments, mattress linen, get cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, camouflage exceeding rugs
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Exports
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US 16.1%, UAE 11.7%, Afghanistan 8.6%, UK 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$28.47 thousands (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper likewise paperboard, iron more than that steel, tea
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Imports
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China 14.3%, Saudi Arabia 12.2%, UAE 11.3%, Kuwait 5.5%, US 4.8%, Malaysia 4.1% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$13.77 heaps (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$52.12 piles (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$28.2 zillions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$1.05 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 31, FM 68, shortwave NA (2006)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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20 (5 state-run waterworks enhanced 15 privately-owned satellite channels) (2006)
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Internet Country Code
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.pk
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Airports
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145 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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17-23 years of mellow lust voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be latent mobilize incline sortie until era 18; the Pakistani Air Force in conjunction with Pakistani Navy have inducted their first-class dish pilots augmented sailors (2009)
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