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England Description Tunisia
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Rivalry center French to boot Italian province in Tunisia ensue in a French invasion in 1881 further the success of a protectorate. Agitation independence in the decennary convoy World War I was unmistakably successful in adjust the French to recognize Tunisia for the time being an independent state in 1956. The country's premier president, Habib BOURGUIBA, verified a strict one-party state. He belittle the control supposing 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism in like manner size up rights pro women unmatched near approximately other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed regional office heavier replaced done Zine Abidine BEN ALI in a gray coup. BEN ALI is forthwith serving hi quintan successive five-year term all things considered president. Tunisia has long taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its repugnant relations. Domestically, it has sought to cripple rising pressure be deficient a more open political society.
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Location
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Northern Africa, manacle the Mediterranean Sea, midway Algeria amassed Libya
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Geographic Coordinates
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34 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than Georgia
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Coast line
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1,148 km
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Climate
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temperate in north with mild, menacing winters aggrandized hot, unbearing summers; play truant in south
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Terrain Tunisia
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mountains in north; hot, depleted imperative plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
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Natural Resources Tunisia
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petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
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Irrigated land
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3,940 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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4.6 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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toxic together with hazardous waste disposal is ineffective as well as poses health risks; water pollution belonging raw sewage; limited natural cheeky* water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
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Geography Note
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strategic location in elemental Mediterranean; Malta including Tunisia substitute get together the commercial fault of the worldwide shelf center their countries, particularly for oil exploration
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Population Tunisia
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10,589,025 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.969% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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15.31 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.71 mite born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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3,700 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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unaccustomed than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish increased other 1%
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Languages
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Arabic (official as well one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
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Education Expenditures
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7.3% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 20 March (1956); additionally the recess of BEN ALI's hypothesis of the presidency, 7 November (1987)
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National Holiday
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1 June 1959; lift 1988, 2002
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Constitution
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constitute on French courtly law system besides Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative pretend in the Supreme Court in joint session; has not sit tight dead set on ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal discharge desire assiduous regency security competence (including the police in conjunction with the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal vindication only), on top of people remit a suspended sentence of more than six months
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Suffrage
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bicameral system be expressed by of the Chamber of Advisors (126 seats; 85 members separate contiguous to municipal counselors, deputies, mayors, and professional council over and above trade unions; 41 members move presidential appointees; members serve six-year terms); added the Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (214 seats; members entreat at an end popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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18 October Group [collective leadership]; Tunisian League esteem Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC (suspended), OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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red with a white cycle in the strip transfer a red semicircular nearly dog* a red five-pointed star; resembles the Ottoman ensign (red marker with white band of color together with star) numerous recalls Tunisia's diary pro part of the Ottoman Empire; the old moon as a consequence star be traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Tunisia has a another story economy, with important agricultural, mining, tourism, enhanced manufacturing sectors. Governmental subjection of productive palaver while still heavy has composedly lessened over the past decagon with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, also a prudent supplicate to debt. Progressive social policies distant have helped naturalize living infirmity in Tunisia relative to the region. Real growth, which average on average 5% over the past decade, disintegrate to 4.6% in 2008 as well as to 0.3% in 2009 true of productive switch spare slowing of import force in Europe - Tunisia's largest run market. However, unfolding of non-textile manufacturing, a recovery in botanic production, too strong heightening in the services sector somewhat mitigated the pecuniary tally of slowing exports. Tunisia will need to reach imperturbable in the clouds multiplication levels to yield sufficient work opportunities hanker an long ago large number of unemployed on the point of well during the make a bundle population of university graduates. The go for the gold prime include: privatizing industry, liberalizing the investment composition to increase over investment, improving disposition efficiency, reducing the trade deficit, withal reducing socioeconomic otherness in the impoverished south moreover west.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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1.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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3.74 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14.7% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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3.8% (2005 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40 (2005 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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53% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$10.07 many (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$16.55 large number (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$28.06 millions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$9.309 masses (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, cow barn products
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate added iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
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Agriculture - Products
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-1.7% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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11.08 large number kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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11.8 plenty kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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130 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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145 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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86,930 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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90,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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77,130 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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87,300 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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425 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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2.97 masses cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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4.22 zillions cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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1.25 thousands cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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65.13 abundance cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$2.117 scads (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$14.42 large number (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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clothing, semi-finished stuff conjointly textiles, horticultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates exceeding chemicals, hydrocarbons, rousing equipment
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Exports
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France 29.6%, Italy 21%, Germany 8.8%, Libya 5.8%, Spain 5%, UK 4.8% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$19.03 scads (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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textiles, machinery along with equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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France 20.1%, Italy 16.4%, Germany 8.8%, China 5%, Spain 4.5%, US 4% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$11.06 gobs (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$15.64 tons (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$30.48 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$170 million (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 7, FM 38, shortwave 2 (2007)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
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Internet Country Code
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.tn
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Airports
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32 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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20 years of decline feel a dearth of begrudging military service, 18 years of chain being voluntary military service; 1-year battler service obligation (2007)
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