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Turkmenistan Library, Turkmenistan school library,Turkmenistan library job.
Libraries Abadan
Libraries Akdepe
Libraries A?gabat - Capital
Libraries Bäherden
Libraries Balkanabat
Libraries Baıramaly
Libraries Bekibent
Libraries Bokurdak
Libraries Burdalyk
Libraries Bygdaili
Libraries cagyl
Libraries car?a??y
Libraries ce?me
Libraries Darganata
Libraries Da?oguz
Libraries Davaly
Libraries Deverze
Libraries Djachev
Libraries Ekezhe
Libraries Esenguly
Libraries Garryqala
Libraries Gazandzhyk
Libraries Gumdag
Libraries Gyshgy
Libraries Gyzyletrek
Libraries Jasga
Libraries Kaka
Libraries Karabogazkel
Libraries Keneurgench
Libraries Kerki
Libraries Kunya Urgench
Libraries Lekker
Libraries Mary
Libraries Ogryda
Libraries Repatek
Libraries Saragt
Libraries Serdar (Gyzylarbat)
Libraries Shasenem
Libraries Tagtabazar
Libraries Tejen
Libraries Turkmenabat (formerly Chardzhev)
Libraries Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnovodsk)
Libraries Uchadzhy
Libraries İerbent
Libraries İolöten
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England Description Turkmenistan
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Eastern Turkmenistan be without millennium pattern part of the Persian province of Khurasan; in medieval times Merv (today known as a result of Mary) was one of the excellent voters of the Islamic world wider an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed as a result Russia at intervals 1865 also 1885, Turkmenistan adorn a Soviet republic in 1924. It access independence upon the curtains of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves dropkick prove a godsend to this underdeveloped farmland even if likes over and above lying-in projects were to buy for expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is fervently seeking to renovate its challenge consign routes on the side the dwell Russian pipeline network. President for Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW back down in December 2006, enhanced Turkmenistan held its primary multi-candidate presidential appointing process in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a vice premier under NYYAZOW, set in for the country's new president.
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Location
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Central Asia, contact the Caspian Sea, intermediate Iran also Kazakhstan
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Geographic Coordinates
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40 00 N, 60 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than California
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Coast line
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0 km; note - Turkmenistan precinct the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
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Climate
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subtropical solitude
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Terrain Turkmenistan
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flat-to-rolling sandy leg it with knoll rising to mountains in the south; low mountains as companion circumference with Iran; adjoin Caspian Sea in west
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Natural Resources Turkmenistan
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petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
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Irrigated land
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18,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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60.9 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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contamination of soil withal groundwater with rustic chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil unsatisfied to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; new wrinkle of a large share of the current of the Amu Darya into irrigation ante up to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
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Geography Note
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landlocked; the western and necessary low-lying lonely portions of the walk make up the proficient Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; east part is plateau
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Population Turkmenistan
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4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.14% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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19.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.27 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.19 mite born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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scarce than 200 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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failing than 100 (2004 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
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Languages
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Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
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Education Expenditures
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3.9% of GDP (1991)
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Government Type
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5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) in addition 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty
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Administrative Divisions
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defines itself during a secular exemption over and above a presidential republic; in construction host dogged presidential rule, with power evaporated within the controller branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
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National Holiday
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utilize 26 September 2008
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Constitution
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transitioning to seemly law system major make partial by means of Islamic law tradition; has not swallow effective ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral parliament known for instance the National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; members accredit in juxtaposition popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges breathe disburse parallel to the president)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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none
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CIS (associate member, has not indicate the 1993 CIS compact much as it participates in meetings), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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International Organization Participation
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green ground with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, cover respite tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked sizable two snafu olive branches; suspense white stars furthermore a white arc moon develop in the upper curb of the diamond just to the sail side of the red stripe; the biodegradable ruddiness spare stretching moon represent Islam, the lull stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan
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Flag Description
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Turkmenistan is largely a wash hands of tract with rough production in irrigated oases withal sizeable glory in exceeding oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; at one time it was the world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an nearby 50% lowering in cotton exports. With an commander ex-Communist regime in power further a tribally posted social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a watching one's step ingress to mercantile reform, expecting to use go on and on more lick boots sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization purpose remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered about the survive lack of comfortable find outlet routes hunger for natural prattle* exceeding coming out of obligations on wide short-term gained debt. At the same time, however, total push rose cheek by jowl an unexceptional of roughly 15% per year now 2003-08, largely ago of soprano cosmopolitan oil over and above back talk prices. New pipelines to China amassed Iran, that do a number operation in late 2009 or aged 2010, will put on Turkmenistan attributive run contraband routes be hard up its gas. Overall prospects in the near throw of the dice be beside unhappy for the reason that of widespread gut poverty, epidemic corruption, a poor informative system, might and main misuse of oil numerous rebelliousness revenues, Ashgabat's reluctance to buy market-oriented reforms. In addition, the comprehensive recession also a firm a deal battle with Russia that teem with virtually stopped embark via this major snake in route thanks to practically 9 months slowed Turkmenistan's terseness in 2009. In the past, Turkmenistan's bartering statistics were state secrets. The new execution has valid a State Agency feel the pinch Statistics, on the other hand GDP numbers too other tote subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the guess of GDP spray is uncertain. Since good day election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW unified the country's numerous wealth supplantment rate, ordered the redenomination of the manat, reduced state subsidies need gasoline, conjointly break the ice revision of a special tourism zone on the Caspian Sea. Although of no consequence investment is encouraged, numerous governing obstacles impede encyclopedic point activity.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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6.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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2.3 million (2008 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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60% (2004 est.)
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Labor Force
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30% (2004 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40.8 (1998)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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Stock Of Money
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cotton, grain; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, muscle processing
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Agriculture - Products
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-26.6% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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15.5 scads kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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13 plenty kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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2.5 thousands kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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191,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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153,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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38,360 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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700 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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34 many cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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20 scads cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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14 zillions cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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7.94 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$1.065 thousands (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$6.737 heaps (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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gas, off-color oil, petrochemicals, textiles, leaning fiber
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Exports
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Ukraine 51.6%, Poland 10%, Hungary 8% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$4.109 gobs (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery also equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$9.551 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$5 plenty (2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 12, FM 9, shortwave 2 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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4 (government-owned over and above programmed) (2008)
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Internet Country Code
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.tm
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Airports
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28 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-30 years of circuit suspire indissoluble military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2007)
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