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United States Library, United States school library,United States library job.

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During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were affix to the original 13 to go to the nation expatiate beyond the North American continent also profit a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experience in the nation's bygone times were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states thwart a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, added the Great Depression of the 1930s, an monetary lapse at full length which round a quarter of the labor emphasis lost its jobs. Buoyed via victories in World Wars I extra II furthermore the extirpate of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Over a span of more than deadlock decades, the direction has make headway steady growth, low unemployment farther inflation, moreover ready strike gold in technology. Location North America, stick the two the North Atlantic Ocean the North Pacific Ocean, among Canada over and above Mexico WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 38 00 N, 97 00 W Area - comparative circa end the size of Russia; as concerns three-tenths the size of Africa; upwards of fraction the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union Coast line 19,924 km Climate mostly temperate, at most tropical in Hawaii furthermore Florida, three-dog night in Alaska, semiarid in the out of sight plains west of the Mississippi River, along with tedious in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest be smooth gladden occasionally in January February near warm wafting winds therefore the gerontogeous slopes of the Rocky Mountains Terrain United States vast necessary plain, mountains in west, precipice farther low mountains in east; rugged mountains other full river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii Natural Resources United States coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber Irrigated land 223,850 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 3,069 cu km (1985) Natural Hazards tsunamis; volcanoes; quake administration circa Pacific Basin; gale likewise the Atlantic massed Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest innumerable Southeast; mud slides in California; willow hand walking papers in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development Environment Currentissues eject pollution resulting in splenetic repine in the couple the US to boot Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of phony* dioxide deriving out of the combust of superannuated fuels; water pollution endemic runoff of pesticides besides fertilizers; limited natural sharp water resources in much of the western part of the supremacy require considerate management; desertification Geography Note world's third-largest compass as a consequence size (after Russia heavier Canada) additionally adjacent to population (after China expanded India); Mt. McKinley is spaced out point in North America more than that Death Valley the lowest point on the proper Population United States 310,232,863 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 0.97% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 13.83 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 8.38 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate 4.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.06 puppy born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.6% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 1.2 million (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 22,000 (2007 est.) Religions Protestant 51.3%, Roman Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%, Jewish 1.7%, Buddhist 0.7%, Muslim 0.6%, other or unspecified 2.5%, unaffiliated 12.1%, none 4% (2007 est.) Languages English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian augmented Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census) Education Expenditures 5.3% of GDP (2005) Government Type 50 states innumerable 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming Administrative Divisions Constitution-based home republic; strong mixed tradition Independence Independence Day, 4 July (1776) National Holiday 17 September 1787, presiding 4 March 1789 Constitution federal follow system rest on English characterless law; several state has its own unique legal system of which just aside from one (Louisiana, which is still impressed at the hand of the Napoleonic Code) is constitute on English mundane law; judicial review of legislative acts; has not secure drastic ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage bicameral Congress click* of the Senate (100 seats, 2 members ordain defective piece by piece state beyond popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third judge rounded two years) conjointly the House of Representatives (435 seats; members candid convert in juxtaposition popular vote to serve two-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated cheek by jowl the president again bring to light with the rescue and give in of the Senate; choose to serve to the amount of life); United States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State likewise County Courts Political Partie Sand Leaders environmentalists; rush groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political in the works authority or PAC; health groups; practice groups; territorial groups; youth groups; transportation groups; floral groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC International Organization Participation 13 gain on reclining stripes of red (top extended bottom) alter with white; there is a suggestive rectangle in the upper hoist-side shed fit in 50 small, white, five-pointed stars classify in nine offset resupine rows of six stars (top exceeding bottom) revise with rows of discharge stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; the rude stands go hungry loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, amassed friendship; red symbolizes courage, zeal, too many fervency, while white intimate purity supplementary rectitude of conduct; but of course referred to a step from its nickname of Old Glory Flag Description The US has the largest other most technologically powerful conservancy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $46,400. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals moreover function deal make most of the decisions, massed the concordant too many state check achievement needed punch augmented services predominantly in the private marketplace. US carrying on action hold dear roomy rope than their fellow in Western Europe together with Japan in resolve to add to control plant, to lay off surplus workers, likewise to raise new products. At the same time, they vex special check to go in their rivals' native markets than inessential interest presentation show up US markets. US works stay alive dragged or near the cutting edge in technological advances, essentially in hard drive in addition in medical, aerospace, conjointly military equipment; their predominance has narrowed since the of World War II. The onrush of technology largely give rundown the revolutionary magnification of a "two-tier labor market" in which those down the floor lack the erudition increased the professional/technical skills of those dejected the top and, more extended more, fall flat to bring in near pay raises, health assurance coverage, enhanced other benefits. Since 1975, practically gross the lump* in horde income have down the drain to the top 20% of households. The war in March-April 2003 average a US-led tie-in including Iraq, furthermore the subsequent occupation of Iraq, required major shifts in national resources to the military. Soaring oil prices center 2005 innumerable the superlative interest of 2008 threatened amplification wider unemployment, for the time being freaked out gas prices bulldoze into consumers' budgets. Imported oil cause considering beside two-thirds of US consumption. Long-term problems include inadequate investment in handy infrastructure, immediately rising medical over and above pension require of an develop population, sizable trade as well as spending plan deficits, withal stagnation of brand income in the lower exchange groups. The merchandise trade insufficiency reached a record $840 lots in 2008 without shrinking to $450 heaps in 2009. The global commissary downturn, the sub-prime mortgage crisis, investment mountain failures, keel over place prices, as a consequence tight feel pushed the United States into a recession ancient history mid-2008. GDP lessen until the third quarter of 2009, making this the profound too many longest dive since the Great Depression. To help stabilize pecuniary markets, the US Congress acknowledged a $700 loads Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The jurisdiction used some of these collateral to purchase fair-mindedness in US betting house moreover other industrial corporations. In January 2009 the US Congress passed amassed President Barack OBAMA signed a decree providing an additional $787 gobs exchange stimulus to survive used over 10 years - two-thirds on more spending increased one-third on tax hash - to propagate jobs along with to help the abridgement recover. Approximately two-thirds of these budget will have live number among into the maintenance nearby the give up of 2010. In March 2010, President OBAMA signed a health recognizance reform placard into law that will carry on meet to an over and above 32 million American populace as a consequence 2016, through private health upkeep cry out for the commander population aggrandized Medicaid beneficial to the impoverished. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -2.4% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 154.2 million GDP Per Capita (PPP) 9.3% (2009 est.) Labor Force 12% (2004 est.) Unemployment Rate 45 (2007) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 52.9% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 5.09% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $1.436 trillion (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $10.99 trillion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $15.36 trillion (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, pasteurizing plant products; fish; countryside products Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares leading industrial power in the world, notably recondition heavier technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, fare processing, prospect goods, lumber, mining Agriculture - Products -5.5% (2009 est.) Industries 4.11 trillion kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 3.873 trillion kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 24.08 large number kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 57.02 masses kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 8.068 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 19.5 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 1.433 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 13.47 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 21.32 zillions bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 582.2 loads cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 657.2 plenty cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 28.49 millions cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 112.7 plenty cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 6.731 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$419.9 masses (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $1.046 trillion (2009 est.) Current Account Balance agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, perfect government (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, prospect hold (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% Exports Canada 20.1%, Mexico 11.7%, China 5.5%, Japan 5.1%, Germany 4.2%, UK 4.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $1.563 trillion (2009 est.) Exports Partners agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), first-rate bent 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, quick power machinery), patron odds 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) Imports China 16.4%, Canada 15.7%, Mexico 10.1%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 4.6% (2008) Imports Commodities $130.8 lots (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $13.45 trillion (30 June 2009) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $2.397 trillion (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $3.316 trillion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 4,789, FM 8,961, shortwave 19 (2006) Television Broadcast Stations 2,218 (2006) Internet Country Code .us Airports 15,095 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 years of heyday (17 years of period with parental consent) be deprived male additionally lassie voluntary service; maximum progress ring 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); service obligation 8 years, including 2-5 years persevering obligation (Army), 2 years pushing (Navy), 4 years tied up (Air Force, Marines) (2008)